Hello China 英文版《你好，中国》是由中国国家广电总局主办、中国国际广播电台、高等教育出版社联合策划实施的大型多媒体系列文化项目。本分享视频来自腾讯视频，版权归原作者所有，本分享旨在学生英语学习。Hello China 英文版《你好，中国》选取了100个代表中国传统文化精髓的汉语词汇，从不同侧面反映中国文化的博大精深，加深国外民众对中国和中华文化的了解。Born in 551 BC, Coufucius, kongzi, has made the greatest contribution to Chinese culture of anyone in history. Although he was raised in a poor family, he visited famous scholars and learned a lot. He developed his thoughts into a system of philosophy known as confucianism. Confucianism emphasized self-cultivation, harmonious relationships with each other and respect for the elderly. Friends should be honest to each other, ruler should make an effort to provide a happy life for people. He was a great teacher as well and promoted education for ordinary people. He traveled around to promote his political thinking but failed. But he never gave up.
Kongzi is a great Chinese spiritual leader. Over the last 2,000 years, his philosophy has continued to influence China and the rest of the world. It is also regarded as the symbol of Oriental Culture. 1. Confucius [kən'fjuʃəs] n.孔子Confucian [kənˈfjuːʃən] adj.儒家的;儒学的;孔子学说的 n.孔子信徒Confucianism [kənˈfyuʃəˌnɪzəm] n.儒教Confucianism and Confucian Philosophy.2. cultivation [ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn] n.耕种;种植;栽培;(关系的)培植;(品质或技巧的)培养cultivate [ˈkʌltɪveɪt] v.耕;耕作;种植;栽培;培育;建立(友谊);结交(朋友);获得(支持)cult 耕种；培养 + ive + ate 动词后缀 → 耕作；培养the cultivation of a good relationship with local firms3. harmonious [hɑːrˈmoʊniəs] adj.友好和睦的;和谐的;协调的;谐调的harmony [ˈhɑːrməni] n.融洽;和睦;和声;和谐;协调哈耳摩尼亚（Harmonia）是希腊神话中代表和谐和协调的女神。在罗马神话中对应的神祇为孔科耳狄亚（Concordia）。哈耳摩尼亚的对头是不和女神厄里斯。根据赫西俄德的《神谱》，她是战神阿瑞斯和爱神阿芙洛狄忒私通所生的女儿。哈耳摩尼亚以其于婚礼所收项链而为人熟悉。当雅典娜把底比斯交给卡德摩斯统治时，宙 斯把哈耳摩尼亚许给卡德摩斯。婚礼上，诸神齐来庆贺。爱神阿芙洛狄忒的丈夫，火神赫淮斯托斯也来参加婚礼，并为新娘献上一件他亲手做的一件无袖长袍和一条 项链。但由于对爱神与战神的痛恨，赫淮斯托斯对项链施加了诅咒，凡是戴上该项链的人都会遭遇不幸。这就是著名的“哈耳摩尼亚项链”。英语单词harmony就来自哈耳摩尼亚的名字Harmonia。harmony：['hɑːmənɪ] n.和谐，和睦，协调harmonic：[hɑː'mɒnɪk] adj.和谐的，和睦的，协调的，和声的n.谐波，和声Harmonia’s necklace：不祥之物，祸根the need to be in harmony with our environmentTheir harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals...Confucius, Pinyin romanization Kongfuzi, or Kongzi, Wade-Giles K'ung-fu-tzu, or K'ung-tzu, original name Kongqiu, literary name Zhongni, (born 551, Qufu, state of Lu [now in Shandong province, China]—died 479 BCE, Lu), China’s most famous teacher, philosopher, and political theorist, whose ideas have influenced the civilization of East Asia.Confucius (551?-479? BCE), according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. His teachings, preserved in the Lunyu or Analects, form the foundation of much of subsequent Chinese speculation on the education and comportment of the ideal man, how such an individual should live his life and interact with others, and the forms of society and government in which he should participate. Fung Yu-lan, one of the great 20thcentury authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius' influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.The sources for Confucius' life were compiled well after his death and taken together paint contradictory pictures of his personality and of the events in his life. The early works agreed by textual authorities to be relatively reliable sources of biographical material are: the Analects, compiled by Confucius' disciples and later followers during the centuries following his death; the Zuozhuan, a narrative history composed from earlier sources sometime in the fourth century; and the Mengzi or Mencius, a compilation of the teachings of the well-known eponymous fourth century follower of Confucius' thought put together by his disciples and adherents. The Confucius of the Analects appears most concerned with behaving morally even when this means enduring hardship and poverty. Mencius' Confucius is a politically motivated figure, seeking high office and departing from patrons who do not properly reward him. A third Confucius is found in the pages of the Zuozhuan. This one is a heroic figure courageously facing down dangers that threaten the lord of Confucius' native state of Lu.A hallmark of Confucius' thought is his emphasis on education and study. He disparages those who have faith in natural understanding or intuition and argues that the only real understanding of a subject comes from long and careful study. Study, for Confucius, means finding a good teacher and imitating his words and deeds. A good teacher is someone older who is familiar with the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients. (See Lunyu 7.22) While he sometimes warns against excessive reflection and meditation, Confucius' position appears to be a middle course between learning and reflecting on what one has learned. “He who learns but does not think is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger” (Lunyu 2.15). He taught his students morality, proper speech, government, and the refined arts. While he also emphasizes the “Six Arts” — ritual, music, archery, chariot-riding, calligraphy, and computation — it is clear that he regards morality as the most important subject. Confucius' pedagogical methods are striking. He never discourses at length on a subject. Instead he poses questions, cites passages from the classics, or uses apt analogies, and waits for his students to arrive at the right answers. “Only for one deeply frustrated over what he does not know will I provide a start; only for one struggling to form his thoughts into words will I provide a beginning. But if I hold up one corner and he cannot respond with the other three I will not repeat myself” (Lunyu 7.8).Confucius' goal is to create gentlemen who carry themselves with grace, speak correctly, and demonstrate integrity in all things. His strong dislike of the sycophantic “petty men,” whose clever talk and pretentious manner win them an audience, is reflected in numerous Lunyu passages. Confucius finds himself in an age in which values are out of joint. Actions and behavior no longer correspond to the labels originally attached to them. “Rulers do not rule and subjects do not serve,” he observes. (Lunyu 12.11; cf. also 13.3) This means that words and titles no longer mean what they once did. Moral education is important to Confucius because it is the means by which one can rectify this situation and restore meaning to language and values to society. He believes that the most important lessons for obtaining such a moral education are to be found in the canonical Book of Songs, because many of its poems are both beautiful and good. Thus Confucius places the text first in his curriculum and frequently quotes and explains its lines of verse. For this reason, the Lunyu is also an important source for Confucius' understanding of the role poetry and art more generally play in the moral education of gentlemen as well as in the reformation of society.Recent archaeological discoveries in China of previously lost ancient manus reveal other aspects of Confucius's reverence for the Book of Songsand its importance in moral education. These manus show that Confucius had found in the canonical text valuable lessons on how to cultivate moral qualities in oneself as well as how to comport oneself humanely and responsibly in public.